The deception of Steve Caruso (Aramaic Designs Deception)
There are many deceivers out there promoting their deceptive ideas. One of them is Steve Caruso who deceptively claims Galilean Aramaic is a Western dialect of Aramaic. Steve Caruso claims Galilean Aramaic was so very distinct from other contemporary spoken during Jesus' lifetime such as Judean Aramaic, that a Galilean could be told apart simply by their speech.
Jewish stooge Steve Caruso uses Talmud (only written in later centuries) such as Babylonian Talmud, Palestinian Talmud, and Jewish sources for his deceptive agenda of his deceptive creation Galilean Aramaic.
The information can be read here - http://aramaicnt.org/what-is-galilean-aramaic/
http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/
Steven Caruso claims Peshitta not being original while deceptively promoting his deceptive agenda that Galilean Aramaic was very different from Aramaic in Aramaic Peshitta.
He also receives "secret" support from couple of people who outwardly appear as Christians while secretly work for Jewish interests.
Let me start with Caruso's deceptions and how his theories contradict both New Testament and first century history.
1) Caruso claims that Galilean Aramaic is a Western dialect of Aramaic and very distinct from Aramaic spoken in Judea and very different from Aramaic spoken in Eastern regions and also very different from Aramaic (aka Syriac) in Aramaic Peshitta in first century Israel.
All of these are vast lies in order to promote his deceptive agenda.
It is well acknowledged that Galileans had Galilean accent of Aramaic (Matthew 26:73).
But Aramaic was accurately understood between Aramaic speakers in first century AD.
In first century AD, Josephus points out that Aramaic was a widespread language and understood accurately among Aramaic speakers.
First century Hebrew Priest Josephus points out that Parthians, Babylonians, the remotest Arabians, and those of his nation beyond Euphrates with the Adiabeni knew accurately about Judean Wars by his means (mentioned below) and why he translated his work from the language of his country into Greek for Greeks and Romans.
Judean Wars (Book 1, Preface, Paragraph 1): "I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians. Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterwards, [am the author of this work]."
Judean Wars Book 1 Preface, Paragraph 2 - "I thought it therefore an absurd thing to see the truth falsified in affairs of such great consequence, and to take no notice of it; but to suffer those Greeks and Romans that were not in the wars to be ignorant of these things, and to read either flatteries or fictions, while the Parthians, and the Babylonians, and the remotest Arabians, and those of our nation beyond Euphrates, with the Adiabeni, by my means, knew accurately both whence the war begun, what miseries it brought upon us, and after what manner it ended."
Dead Sea Scrolls Archaeologist Yigael Yadin agrees with Josephus' testimony, pointing out that the lingua franca of the time period was Aramaic (Book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" Page 234).
The testimony of Josephus about Aramaic being "accurately understood" is also supported by New Testament where people from Galilee, Judaea, Jerusalem, Idumaea, Tyre, Sidon, Syria, Decapolis, and from beyond Jordan came to see Jesus for healing and to hear his discourse (Matthew 4:24-5:28, Mark 3:7-8, Luke 6:17).
It must be noted that one of the major leaders of Hebrews in Judean Wars (66 AD to 70 AD) against Romans was a Galilean named John of Gischala. Gischala is a city in Galilee (Judean Wars Book 4, chapter 2, paragraph 1).
We see Josephus (a Hebrew from Judea) speaking to John of Gischala (with his Galileans), Hebrews who lived in Jerusalem, and Hebrews who came to Jerusalem from several regions for worship during Judean Roman Wars (Judean wars Book Six, Chapter 2). Simon the Idumean and Idumeans were also among them.
Why would Josephus speak to all of these people who came from different regions to Jerusalem in Aramaic if Aramaic wasn't accurately understood among Aramaic speakers?
A copy of Aramaic version of Judean wars Book Six still survives in Book "Ceriani Veteris Testamentum" which is available here - https://archive.org/details/JosephusJudeanWarsBookSixFromCerianiVeterisTestamentum
The unity of Aramaic began to disintegrate when False Messiah Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew as the language of the state during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD).
According to Dead Sea Scrolls archaeologist, Yigael Yadin, Aramaic was the language of Hebrews until Simon Bar Kokhba tried to revive Hebrew and make it as the official language of Hebrews during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD). Yigael Yadin noticed the shift from Aramaic to Hebrew during the time of Bar Kokhba revolt. In Book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" Yigael Yadin notes, "It is interesting that the earlier documents are written in Aramaic while the later ones are in Hebrew. Possibly the change was made by a special decree of Bar-Kokhba who wanted to restore Hebrew as the official language of the state"(page 181).
In Book "A Roadmap to the Heavens: An Anthropological Study of Hegemony among Priests, Sages, and Laymen (Judaism and Jewish Life)" by Sigalit Ben-Zion (Page 155), Yadin remarked: "it seems that this change came as a result of the order that was given by Bar Kokhba, who wanted to revive the Hebrew language and make it the official language of the state."
According to Book "Naming the Witch: Magic, Ideology, and Stereotype in the Ancient World" written by Kimberly B. Stratton (p. 232), Yigael Yadin suggests that Bar Kokhba was trying to revive Hebrew by decree as part of his messianic ideology.
From the time period of Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), the revival of Hebrew as the official language began to change Aramaic spoken in Western Aramaic regions from Eastern Aramaic regions.
Jerusalem Talmud (written around 4th century AD) is written largely in a western Aramaic dialect that differs from its Babylonian counterpart.
2) Steve Caruso's criticism of Rabbuli (http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/)
Steve Caruso favors Greek reading of "Rabbouni" over Aramaic reading "Rabbuli."
He uses Jewish dialects of Aramaic (which only came in later centuries after the revival of Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt) in order to claim that Rabbuli is not attested in any contemporary dialects to Jesus.
Caruso favors Greek NT reading of Rabbouni when Greek NT manuscripts are filled with contradictions, errors, and script tamperings.
Let's take Famous Greek NT manuscripts Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus as an example.
According to Greek Scholar Herman C. Hoskier in his book "Codex B and it Allies" (1914) volume 2 (Page 1), there are 3,036 textual variations between Greek NT manuscript "Codex Sinaiticus" and Greek NT manuscript "Codex Vaticanus" in the text of the Gospels alone, enumerated as follows: Matthew: 656, Mark: 567, Luke: 791, John: 1022.
Many of these contradictions, errors and script tampering found in Greek NT manuscripts are solved by Aramaic Peshitta which can be read here - https://archive.org/details/NTAramaic
Greek scribes also tampered Greek New Testament by inserting Greeks into Greek New Testament.
But Josephus points out that Greek wasn't spoken in first century Israel and Hebrews knowing Greek were extremely rare in first century AD.
Josephus wrote:
"I have also taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language, although I have so long accustomed myself to speak our own tongue, that I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does not encourage those that learn the languages of many nations, and so adorn their discourses with the smoothness of their periods; because they look upon this sort of accomplishment as common, not only to all sorts of free-men, but to as many of the servants as please to learn them. But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our laws, and is able to interpret their meaning; on which account, as there have been many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein, who were immediately well rewarded for their pains." — Josephus' Antiquities XX, XI.
Greek NT and the translations of Greek NT contradict the testimony of Josephus by claiming that there were Greeks who communicated with Jesus and Apostle Paul.
But Aramaic Peshitta supports the testimony of Josephus by saying that they were either Aramaean(s) or Pagan(s). All of the details can be read here - https://archive.org/details/NTAramaic
This shows the originality of Aramaic Peshitta. The word "Rabbuli" was called Awraith (Hebrew), because Hebrews in Judea and Idumea commonly used this Aramaic word along with Aramaic word "Malpana" while Galilee and Northern Aramaic regions commonly used Malpana (John 20:16 of Peshitta).
This can also be seen in John 19:17 (of Peshitta) where Gagultha (clumsily transliterated as Golgotha) is called Awraith, because Hebrews in Judea and Idumea commonly used this word along with Aramaic word "Qarqaptha" while Galilee and Northern Aramaic regions commonly used Qarqaptha.
This can be seen in English as well. In England, the word "Toilet" is used while people uses the word "Bathroom" or "Restroom" in America.
3) He Who Lives By The Sword (http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/)
Steve Caruso points out the reading of Peshitta from Matthew 26:52 .
"For all of they who take up swords, with swords they shall die."
Caruso claims that the below information makes much more sense than Peshitta reading.
"In Western Aramaic dialects the word saiyp can mean either “sword” or “end.” Given the context, this wordplay is undoubtedly intentional, and the use of b-saiyp as “in the end” is well attested in Rabbinic literature.
The Greek, of course, misses this right off the bat. Furthermore, this double meaning does not occur in Syriac, or other Eastern dialects 5 from the era, so the Peshitta misses it completely, instead choosing to render both instances of saipa in the plural (which makes the pun impossible). This wordplay also does not occur in Hebrew.
Where this very wordplay is found, however, is in the Christian Palestinian Aramaic New Testament 6 and Lectionary 7, written in a Western dialect that is in many ways similar to Jesus’ own:
kol hāleyn d-nasvin saipa b-saipa āvdin
All those who take up the sword, by the sword (OR “in the end”) they shall be lost."
My Reply to this claim by Caruso
There is a big problem with this theory. Look at the verse.
All those (plural) who take up the sword (singular), by the sword (OR “in the end”) (singular) they shall be lost."
All those - plural.
the sword - singular
This is grammatically incorrect and Caruso uses this grammatically incorrect verse in order to claim that his galilean aramaic theory is the original through the so called wordplay he created.
Look at the Peshitta reading above.
"For all of they who take up swords, with swords they shall die."
All of they - plural
swords – plural
Peshitta reading makes perfect sense.
This idiotic theory of Caruso is good enough to destroy all of his deceptive claims, because he sacrifices grammar in both Aramaic and english so that he can create his so called word plays for his deceptive theories.
Also notice how Caruso uses Rabbinic literature as part of his agenda to promote his deceptive theories. Rabbinic literatures are irrelevant to this subject, because Judaism only began in 500 AD with the completion of Babylonian Talmud and a Jew is not a Hebrew (aka Judean).
This is agreed by Jewish rabbis and Jewish society. Here is the link.
https://right.orain.org/wiki/Christianity_older_than_Judaism
Just like Holohoax, Jewish owned media deliberately promote Jewish Hebrew Propaganda and discourage the importance of Aramaic and also Aramaic Peshitta in order to deceptively claim that Hebrew was the language of first century Israel.
https://right.orain.org/wiki/Jewish_Hebrew_Propaganda
Talmud discourages Aramaic while it encourages Hebrew, Greek, and Persian.
It is interesting to note how Steve Caruso try to eliminate the importance of Aramaic Peshitta for his deceptive theories by favoring corrupt Greek NT manuscripts over Aramaic Peshitta and using Jewish sources such as Babylonian Talmud, Palestinian Talmud, etc for his deceptive theories.
4) Carbon dating
There are lots of problems with Carbon dating. For Example, Carbon dating dated Dead Sea Scrolls from 300 BC to 70 AD. But today, it is confirmed that Dead Sea Scrolls (excluding Babatha's documents) only date from Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD).
Here is the link to the problems of Dead Sea Scrolls - https://archive.org/details/ProblemsWithDeadSeaScrolls
So carbon dating can date a manuscript or an inscription to first century AD. But that doesn't mean that it is correct. It can be from a later period.
It is possible that when Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), "yodh" was popularly used instead of “nun” for the conjugation in the imperfect tense of semitic languages like Aramaic and Hebrew.
On a side note, I want to point out that many scholars today believe that we don't believe in 21st century AD. But in 18th century AD. This is because of Phantom Time Hypothesis which is hidden by the Jewish owned media.
Here is the link to Phantom Time Hypothesis and videos about it - https://right.orain.org/wiki/Phantom_Time_Hypothesis
5) Certain elements hidden by Steve Caruso on the importance of Aramaic Peshitta
Steve Caruso hides certain details about the originality of Aramaic Peshitta in order to promote his deceptive theories.
One of them has to do with Aramaic word "MarYA" in Peshitta.
Aramaic word "MarYA" (Master YA - Yodh Alap) is used to address God in Aramaic Peshitta.
Aramaic word "ENA NA" (I AM in John 11:25, John 18:4-6, etc.) also is used in Aramaic Peshitta to represent God.
YA (in MarYA) is Aramaic form of Hebrew "YH."
So several names began with Aramaic form "YA" in Aramaic word "MarYA."
Here are some names with YA found in Peshitta Tanakh (Aramaic OT) and Peshitta NT (Aramaic NT) - Yoseph (Joseph in English), Yokhanan or Yochanan (John in English), Yonathan (Jonathan in English), etc.
Yonathan can be seen in in Aramaic version of Josephus' Judean Wars Book Six.
When Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), the names started to appear in Hebrew form "YH" instead of Aramaic form "YA."
Aramaic word "Bar" for son also started becoming Hebrew word "Ben."
Aramaic "Yoseph" (with Aramaic form "YA") became "Yehoseph" (with Hebrew form "YH") during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD). Aramaic word "Bar" for son also started becoming Hebrew word "Ben."
So the name "Josephus" (Aramaic form - Yosephus) will also become Jehosephus (Hebrew form - "Yehosephus") in English.
In Bar Kokhba letters, there is "Yehoseph Ben Yehoseph" mentioned which is Hebrew form of Aramaic name "Yoseph Bar Yoseph".
Aramaic Name "Yonathan" became "Yehonathan" which can be seen in Bar Kokhba's letter to "Yehonathan, the son of Ba'aya".
Aramaic name Yokhanan (also written as "Yochanan" which is John in English) became Hebrew name "Yehohanan" (also written as Yehochanan).
Yehohanan Bar Yeshua (with Aramaic influences "Bar" and "Yeshua") was one of the Bar Kokhba appointees who administered Bar Kokhba's holdings in the Ein Gedi region
Here is the link to the details - https://right.orain.org/wiki/YA_and_YH
So my suggestion is please do your own research instead of falling into his deceptive theories.
Steve Caruso is using his deceptive theories for money making. Not for the truth. If he truly believes in God, then he would have supported the truth. Not lies.
If you take a notice in Caruso's websites, then you will see that he is selling tattoos which violates Leviticus 19:28.
Here is the link where you can see how he sells tattoos - http://aramaicdesigns.rogueleaf.com/quote/
So Please watch out for deceivers like Steve Caruso, Frank Luke of Knoxville, Nehemiah Gordon, Doug Hamp, etc and their deceptive theories.
There are many deceivers out there promoting their deceptive ideas. One of them is Steve Caruso who deceptively claims Galilean Aramaic is a Western dialect of Aramaic. Steve Caruso claims Galilean Aramaic was so very distinct from other contemporary spoken during Jesus' lifetime such as Judean Aramaic, that a Galilean could be told apart simply by their speech.
Jewish stooge Steve Caruso uses Talmud (only written in later centuries) such as Babylonian Talmud, Palestinian Talmud, and Jewish sources for his deceptive agenda of his deceptive creation Galilean Aramaic.
The information can be read here - http://aramaicnt.org/what-is-galilean-aramaic/
http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/
Steven Caruso claims Peshitta not being original while deceptively promoting his deceptive agenda that Galilean Aramaic was very different from Aramaic in Aramaic Peshitta.
He also receives "secret" support from couple of people who outwardly appear as Christians while secretly work for Jewish interests.
Let me start with Caruso's deceptions and how his theories contradict both New Testament and first century history.
1) Caruso claims that Galilean Aramaic is a Western dialect of Aramaic and very distinct from Aramaic spoken in Judea and very different from Aramaic spoken in Eastern regions and also very different from Aramaic (aka Syriac) in Aramaic Peshitta in first century Israel.
All of these are vast lies in order to promote his deceptive agenda.
It is well acknowledged that Galileans had Galilean accent of Aramaic (Matthew 26:73).
But Aramaic was accurately understood between Aramaic speakers in first century AD.
In first century AD, Josephus points out that Aramaic was a widespread language and understood accurately among Aramaic speakers.
First century Hebrew Priest Josephus points out that Parthians, Babylonians, the remotest Arabians, and those of his nation beyond Euphrates with the Adiabeni knew accurately about Judean Wars by his means (mentioned below) and why he translated his work from the language of his country into Greek for Greeks and Romans.
Judean Wars (Book 1, Preface, Paragraph 1): "I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians. Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterwards, [am the author of this work]."
Judean Wars Book 1 Preface, Paragraph 2 - "I thought it therefore an absurd thing to see the truth falsified in affairs of such great consequence, and to take no notice of it; but to suffer those Greeks and Romans that were not in the wars to be ignorant of these things, and to read either flatteries or fictions, while the Parthians, and the Babylonians, and the remotest Arabians, and those of our nation beyond Euphrates, with the Adiabeni, by my means, knew accurately both whence the war begun, what miseries it brought upon us, and after what manner it ended."
Dead Sea Scrolls Archaeologist Yigael Yadin agrees with Josephus' testimony, pointing out that the lingua franca of the time period was Aramaic (Book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" Page 234).
The testimony of Josephus about Aramaic being "accurately understood" is also supported by New Testament where people from Galilee, Judaea, Jerusalem, Idumaea, Tyre, Sidon, Syria, Decapolis, and from beyond Jordan came to see Jesus for healing and to hear his discourse (Matthew 4:24-5:28, Mark 3:7-8, Luke 6:17).
It must be noted that one of the major leaders of Hebrews in Judean Wars (66 AD to 70 AD) against Romans was a Galilean named John of Gischala. Gischala is a city in Galilee (Judean Wars Book 4, chapter 2, paragraph 1).
We see Josephus (a Hebrew from Judea) speaking to John of Gischala (with his Galileans), Hebrews who lived in Jerusalem, and Hebrews who came to Jerusalem from several regions for worship during Judean Roman Wars (Judean wars Book Six, Chapter 2). Simon the Idumean and Idumeans were also among them.
Why would Josephus speak to all of these people who came from different regions to Jerusalem in Aramaic if Aramaic wasn't accurately understood among Aramaic speakers?
A copy of Aramaic version of Judean wars Book Six still survives in Book "Ceriani Veteris Testamentum" which is available here - https://archive.org/details/JosephusJudeanWarsBookSixFromCerianiVeterisTestamentum
The unity of Aramaic began to disintegrate when False Messiah Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew as the language of the state during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD).
According to Dead Sea Scrolls archaeologist, Yigael Yadin, Aramaic was the language of Hebrews until Simon Bar Kokhba tried to revive Hebrew and make it as the official language of Hebrews during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD). Yigael Yadin noticed the shift from Aramaic to Hebrew during the time of Bar Kokhba revolt. In Book "Bar Kokhba: The rediscovery of the legendary hero of the last Jewish Revolt Against Imperial Rome" Yigael Yadin notes, "It is interesting that the earlier documents are written in Aramaic while the later ones are in Hebrew. Possibly the change was made by a special decree of Bar-Kokhba who wanted to restore Hebrew as the official language of the state"(page 181).
In Book "A Roadmap to the Heavens: An Anthropological Study of Hegemony among Priests, Sages, and Laymen (Judaism and Jewish Life)" by Sigalit Ben-Zion (Page 155), Yadin remarked: "it seems that this change came as a result of the order that was given by Bar Kokhba, who wanted to revive the Hebrew language and make it the official language of the state."
According to Book "Naming the Witch: Magic, Ideology, and Stereotype in the Ancient World" written by Kimberly B. Stratton (p. 232), Yigael Yadin suggests that Bar Kokhba was trying to revive Hebrew by decree as part of his messianic ideology.
From the time period of Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), the revival of Hebrew as the official language began to change Aramaic spoken in Western Aramaic regions from Eastern Aramaic regions.
Jerusalem Talmud (written around 4th century AD) is written largely in a western Aramaic dialect that differs from its Babylonian counterpart.
2) Steve Caruso's criticism of Rabbuli (http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/)
Steve Caruso favors Greek reading of "Rabbouni" over Aramaic reading "Rabbuli."
He uses Jewish dialects of Aramaic (which only came in later centuries after the revival of Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt) in order to claim that Rabbuli is not attested in any contemporary dialects to Jesus.
Caruso favors Greek NT reading of Rabbouni when Greek NT manuscripts are filled with contradictions, errors, and script tamperings.
Let's take Famous Greek NT manuscripts Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus as an example.
According to Greek Scholar Herman C. Hoskier in his book "Codex B and it Allies" (1914) volume 2 (Page 1), there are 3,036 textual variations between Greek NT manuscript "Codex Sinaiticus" and Greek NT manuscript "Codex Vaticanus" in the text of the Gospels alone, enumerated as follows: Matthew: 656, Mark: 567, Luke: 791, John: 1022.
Many of these contradictions, errors and script tampering found in Greek NT manuscripts are solved by Aramaic Peshitta which can be read here - https://archive.org/details/NTAramaic
Greek scribes also tampered Greek New Testament by inserting Greeks into Greek New Testament.
But Josephus points out that Greek wasn't spoken in first century Israel and Hebrews knowing Greek were extremely rare in first century AD.
Josephus wrote:
"I have also taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language, although I have so long accustomed myself to speak our own tongue, that I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does not encourage those that learn the languages of many nations, and so adorn their discourses with the smoothness of their periods; because they look upon this sort of accomplishment as common, not only to all sorts of free-men, but to as many of the servants as please to learn them. But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our laws, and is able to interpret their meaning; on which account, as there have been many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein, who were immediately well rewarded for their pains." — Josephus' Antiquities XX, XI.
Greek NT and the translations of Greek NT contradict the testimony of Josephus by claiming that there were Greeks who communicated with Jesus and Apostle Paul.
But Aramaic Peshitta supports the testimony of Josephus by saying that they were either Aramaean(s) or Pagan(s). All of the details can be read here - https://archive.org/details/NTAramaic
This shows the originality of Aramaic Peshitta. The word "Rabbuli" was called Awraith (Hebrew), because Hebrews in Judea and Idumea commonly used this Aramaic word along with Aramaic word "Malpana" while Galilee and Northern Aramaic regions commonly used Malpana (John 20:16 of Peshitta).
This can also be seen in John 19:17 (of Peshitta) where Gagultha (clumsily transliterated as Golgotha) is called Awraith, because Hebrews in Judea and Idumea commonly used this word along with Aramaic word "Qarqaptha" while Galilee and Northern Aramaic regions commonly used Qarqaptha.
This can be seen in English as well. In England, the word "Toilet" is used while people uses the word "Bathroom" or "Restroom" in America.
3) He Who Lives By The Sword (http://aramaicnt.org/articles/problems-with-peshitta-primacy/)
Steve Caruso points out the reading of Peshitta from Matthew 26:52 .
"For all of they who take up swords, with swords they shall die."
Caruso claims that the below information makes much more sense than Peshitta reading.
"In Western Aramaic dialects the word saiyp can mean either “sword” or “end.” Given the context, this wordplay is undoubtedly intentional, and the use of b-saiyp as “in the end” is well attested in Rabbinic literature.
The Greek, of course, misses this right off the bat. Furthermore, this double meaning does not occur in Syriac, or other Eastern dialects 5 from the era, so the Peshitta misses it completely, instead choosing to render both instances of saipa in the plural (which makes the pun impossible). This wordplay also does not occur in Hebrew.
Where this very wordplay is found, however, is in the Christian Palestinian Aramaic New Testament 6 and Lectionary 7, written in a Western dialect that is in many ways similar to Jesus’ own:
kol hāleyn d-nasvin saipa b-saipa āvdin
All those who take up the sword, by the sword (OR “in the end”) they shall be lost."
My Reply to this claim by Caruso
There is a big problem with this theory. Look at the verse.
All those (plural) who take up the sword (singular), by the sword (OR “in the end”) (singular) they shall be lost."
All those - plural.
the sword - singular
This is grammatically incorrect and Caruso uses this grammatically incorrect verse in order to claim that his galilean aramaic theory is the original through the so called wordplay he created.
Look at the Peshitta reading above.
"For all of they who take up swords, with swords they shall die."
All of they - plural
swords – plural
Peshitta reading makes perfect sense.
This idiotic theory of Caruso is good enough to destroy all of his deceptive claims, because he sacrifices grammar in both Aramaic and english so that he can create his so called word plays for his deceptive theories.
Also notice how Caruso uses Rabbinic literature as part of his agenda to promote his deceptive theories. Rabbinic literatures are irrelevant to this subject, because Judaism only began in 500 AD with the completion of Babylonian Talmud and a Jew is not a Hebrew (aka Judean).
This is agreed by Jewish rabbis and Jewish society. Here is the link.
https://right.orain.org/wiki/Christianity_older_than_Judaism
Just like Holohoax, Jewish owned media deliberately promote Jewish Hebrew Propaganda and discourage the importance of Aramaic and also Aramaic Peshitta in order to deceptively claim that Hebrew was the language of first century Israel.
https://right.orain.org/wiki/Jewish_Hebrew_Propaganda
Talmud discourages Aramaic while it encourages Hebrew, Greek, and Persian.
It is interesting to note how Steve Caruso try to eliminate the importance of Aramaic Peshitta for his deceptive theories by favoring corrupt Greek NT manuscripts over Aramaic Peshitta and using Jewish sources such as Babylonian Talmud, Palestinian Talmud, etc for his deceptive theories.
4) Carbon dating
There are lots of problems with Carbon dating. For Example, Carbon dating dated Dead Sea Scrolls from 300 BC to 70 AD. But today, it is confirmed that Dead Sea Scrolls (excluding Babatha's documents) only date from Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD).
Here is the link to the problems of Dead Sea Scrolls - https://archive.org/details/ProblemsWithDeadSeaScrolls
So carbon dating can date a manuscript or an inscription to first century AD. But that doesn't mean that it is correct. It can be from a later period.
It is possible that when Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), "yodh" was popularly used instead of “nun” for the conjugation in the imperfect tense of semitic languages like Aramaic and Hebrew.
On a side note, I want to point out that many scholars today believe that we don't believe in 21st century AD. But in 18th century AD. This is because of Phantom Time Hypothesis which is hidden by the Jewish owned media.
Here is the link to Phantom Time Hypothesis and videos about it - https://right.orain.org/wiki/Phantom_Time_Hypothesis
5) Certain elements hidden by Steve Caruso on the importance of Aramaic Peshitta
Steve Caruso hides certain details about the originality of Aramaic Peshitta in order to promote his deceptive theories.
One of them has to do with Aramaic word "MarYA" in Peshitta.
Aramaic word "MarYA" (Master YA - Yodh Alap) is used to address God in Aramaic Peshitta.
Aramaic word "ENA NA" (I AM in John 11:25, John 18:4-6, etc.) also is used in Aramaic Peshitta to represent God.
YA (in MarYA) is Aramaic form of Hebrew "YH."
So several names began with Aramaic form "YA" in Aramaic word "MarYA."
Here are some names with YA found in Peshitta Tanakh (Aramaic OT) and Peshitta NT (Aramaic NT) - Yoseph (Joseph in English), Yokhanan or Yochanan (John in English), Yonathan (Jonathan in English), etc.
Yonathan can be seen in in Aramaic version of Josephus' Judean Wars Book Six.
When Bar Kokhba revived Hebrew during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD), the names started to appear in Hebrew form "YH" instead of Aramaic form "YA."
Aramaic word "Bar" for son also started becoming Hebrew word "Ben."
Aramaic "Yoseph" (with Aramaic form "YA") became "Yehoseph" (with Hebrew form "YH") during Bar Kokhba revolt (132-135 AD). Aramaic word "Bar" for son also started becoming Hebrew word "Ben."
So the name "Josephus" (Aramaic form - Yosephus) will also become Jehosephus (Hebrew form - "Yehosephus") in English.
In Bar Kokhba letters, there is "Yehoseph Ben Yehoseph" mentioned which is Hebrew form of Aramaic name "Yoseph Bar Yoseph".
Aramaic Name "Yonathan" became "Yehonathan" which can be seen in Bar Kokhba's letter to "Yehonathan, the son of Ba'aya".
Aramaic name Yokhanan (also written as "Yochanan" which is John in English) became Hebrew name "Yehohanan" (also written as Yehochanan).
Yehohanan Bar Yeshua (with Aramaic influences "Bar" and "Yeshua") was one of the Bar Kokhba appointees who administered Bar Kokhba's holdings in the Ein Gedi region
Here is the link to the details - https://right.orain.org/wiki/YA_and_YH
So my suggestion is please do your own research instead of falling into his deceptive theories.
Steve Caruso is using his deceptive theories for money making. Not for the truth. If he truly believes in God, then he would have supported the truth. Not lies.
If you take a notice in Caruso's websites, then you will see that he is selling tattoos which violates Leviticus 19:28.
Here is the link where you can see how he sells tattoos - http://aramaicdesigns.rogueleaf.com/quote/
So Please watch out for deceivers like Steve Caruso, Frank Luke of Knoxville, Nehemiah Gordon, Doug Hamp, etc and their deceptive theories.
